The Pennsylvania Green Fluorophore: a hybrid of Oregon Green and Tokyo Green for the construction of hydrophobic and pH-insensitive molecular probes.
Journal
  Organic letters.
Citation
  Org Lett. 8(4):581-4
Publication date
  2006 Feb 16
Authors
  Mottram LF
Boonyarattanakalin S
Kovel RE
Peterson BR
Investigators
  Blake Peterson
Grant agencies
  National Cancer Institute
Grants
  NCI R01-CA83831
Abstract
  [structure: see text] Fluorescent small molecules are powerful tools for exploring cellular biology. As a more hydrophobic, photostable, and less pH-sensitive alternative to fluorescein, we synthesized Pennsylvania Green, a bright, monoanionic fluorophore related to Oregon Green and Tokyo Green. Comparison of membrane probes comprising N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamine linked to 4-carboxy-Tokyo Green (pK(a) approximately 6.2) and 4-carboxy-Pennsylvania Green (pK(a) approximately 4.8) revealed that only Pennsylvania Green was highly fluorescent in acidic early and recycling endosomes within living mammalian cells.